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Mansfield College, Oxford is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. As of December 2012,〔 the college comprises 214 undergraduates, 102 graduates, 36 visiting students and 58〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Mansfield College, Oxford )〕 fellows and academics. == History == The college was originally founded in 1838 as Spring Hill College, Birmingham, a college for Nonconformist students. In the nineteenth century, although students from all religious denominations were legally entitled to attend universities, they were forbidden by statute from taking degrees unless they conformed to the Church of England. In 1871, the Universities Tests Act abolished all religious tests for non-theological degrees at Oxford, Cambridge, London and Durham Universities. For the first time the educational and social opportunities offered by Britain's premier institutions were open to all Nonconformists. The Prime Minister who enacted these reforms, William Ewart Gladstone, encouraged the creation of a Nonconformist college at Oxford. Spring Hill College moved to Oxford in 1886 and was renamed Mansfield College after its greatest donors, George and Elizabeth Mansfield. The magnificent Victorian buildings, designed by Basil Champneys, were completed in 1889. Mansfield was the first Nonconformist college to open in Oxford. Initially the college accepted male students only, the first woman being admitted in 1913. During World War II, over 40 members of staff from Government Code & Cypher School moved to the college to prepare the British codes and cyphers, whilst the GC&CS members at Bletchley Park worked to decipher the German enigma codes.〔http://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/content/hist/wartime/diaries/august1939.rhtm〕 In 1955, the college was granted the status of Permanent Private Hall within the University of Oxford and in 1995 a Royal Charter was awarded giving the institution full college status. Since the college was first formally integrated into the University structure in 1955, its Nonconformist aspects have gradually diminished. Until 2007, the United Reformed Church (URC) sponsored a course at Mansfield for training ordinands. These students became fully matriculated members of the University and received degrees. Mansfield no longer trains URC ordinands. The Nonconformist history of the college is however still apparent in a few of its features. A portrait of Oliver Cromwell hangs in the Senior Common Room and portraits of the 1662 dissenters hang in the library and the corridors of the main college building, together with portraits of Viscount Saye and Sele, John Hampden, Thomas Jollie and Hugh Peters. One place where the Nonconformist history of the institution is still very much apparent is in the college chapel. It is a non-consecrated space and contains a unique selection of stained glass windows and statues depicting leading figures from Nonconformist movements, including Cromwell, Sir Henry Vane and William Penn among many others. In 1940, whilst he was a lecturer at University College, future British Prime Minister Harold Wilson married Mary Baldwin in this chapel, although he was not a member of the college. Chapel services are still conducted in a Nonconformist tradition. Nevertheless, over the years attendance at chapel services has declined and the make-up of the general student body no longer reflects the Nonconformist religious origins of the college. Because of its Nonconformist roots, the college still has many strong links with American schools. It has a long established tradition of accepting roughly 30 "Junior Year Abroad" students from the USA every year. These students come to study in Oxford for one academic year and have full access to its libraries and their designated tutors. As of 2012, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £10 million. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mansfield College, Oxford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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